22^nd International Symposium on Inventories

20. August is St. Stephen's Day in Hungary and it is a public holiday.

While the 20th of August has multiple names in Hungary, it is generally considered to be the State Foundation Day of Hungary. Its origin roots back to the first king and state founder of Hungary, St. Stephens: he died in 1038 on this day and became the first canonised saint of Hungary. During his reign, he transformed the country into a European Christian country and today he is considered the founder of Hungary.

At the same time, the 20th of August is also a religious holiday: the Catholics celebrate the day of the first patron of Hungary, St. Stephen – which is the reason masses are hosted countrywide that day. And last but not least, the 20th of August also marks the Hungarian Festival of the New Bread: the blessing and slicing of a freshly baked loaf of bread is a widespread ceremony in the country that day and even across the border, in Transylvania.

This national holiday is one of the oldest ones in Hungary: it was first celebrated in 1092 when another patron saint of the country, King Ladislaus declared it a sacred day. While the winds of history oppressed the open celebration of the day during the Ottoman occupation, it was reintroduced by Maria Theresa in the 18th century and was restored to its current status after the collapse of the Eastern Bloc.

Since then 20 August arguably becomes the symbol of Hungarian independence: the official celebration begins with the ceremonial hoisting of the national flag on Kossuth square (where the Parliament building is located); followed by the carving of the Cake of Hungary and giving many of the state awards to our most distinguished citizens. There is also an organised procession held in honour of the Holy Right hand (the mummified right hand of St. Stephen) but the best-known event of the day is the spectacular fireworks after sunset. Huge masses assemble on the banks of the River Danube in Budapest and most Hungarian cities as well to marvel at the beautiful fiery compositions.

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